Cerebral Palsy

A group of conditions that affect movement and posture caused by damage to the developing brain, often before birth.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture. Cerebral means having to do with the brain. Palsy means weakness in or problems with using the muscles. CP is caused by abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain that affects a person’s ability to control their muscles. CP is the most common motor disability in childhood.

Types of Cerebral Palsy:

Spastic CP: The most common type, characterized by stiff muscles.
Dyskinetic CP: Involves uncontrolled, involuntary movements.
Ataxic CP: Affects balance and coordination.
Mixed CP: A combination of different types.

Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy:

Symptoms can vary widely from person to person and may include:

Muscle tone issues: Muscles may be too stiff (spasticity) or too floppy (hypotonia).
Movement difficulties: Problems with coordination, balance, and walking.
Posture problems: Abnormal posture or alignment.
Speech and language challenges: Difficulty speaking or understanding language.
Learning disabilities: Some individuals with CP may have cognitive or learning impairments.

Causes of Cerebral Palsy:

The exact cause is often unknown, but potential factors include:

Premature birth: Infants born too early are at higher risk.
Low birth weight: Babies born with low birth weight may be more susceptible.
Infections during pregnancy: Certain infections can harm the developing brain.
Brain injuries during birth: Complications during childbirth can cause brain damage.
Genetic factors: In some cases, genetic conditions may contribute to CP.

Surgical Interventions:

Orthopedic surgery: Corrects bone and joint deformities, lengthens muscles, and improves alignment.
Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR): Involves cutting specific nerve fibers to reduce muscle stiffness.
Intrathecal baclofen pump: Delivers medication directly to the spinal cord for more targeted muscle relaxation.

Other Therapies:

Physical therapy: Essential for improving strength, balance, and mobility.
Occupational therapy: Helps with daily living skills and activities.
Speech therapy: Addresses communication and swallowing difficulties.

It’s crucial to understand that the best treatment plan for an individual with cerebral palsy depends on the specific symptoms, severity, and overall health. For dedicated guidance and treatment, book an appointment with Dr Ananth Egoor.